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=Jack Russell Terrier= From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search{| class="infobox biota" style="width: 22em; font-size: 88%;" Smooth Coated Jack Russell terrier !Nicknames Jack !Country of origin The Jack Russell terrier is a small terrier that has its origins in fox hunting. It is principally white-bodied smooth, rough or broken–coated which is commonly confused with the Parson Russell terrier (the American Kennel Club (AKC) and affiliate variant) and the Russell terrier (a shorter legged, stockier variety) with the term "Jack Russell" commonly misapplied to other small white terriers. The Jack Russell terrier is a broad type, with a size range of 10–15 inches (25–38 cm), the Parson Russell is limited only to a middle range with a standard size of 12–14 inches (30–36 cm), while the Russell terrier is smaller at 8–12 inches (20–30 cm), however each breed has different physical proportions according to the standards of their breed clubs.
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 * colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(211, 211, 164);"|Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
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The working Jack Russell terrier is a unique terrier which has been preserved in working ability as well as appearance much as it existed over 200 years ago. Originating from the dogs bred and used by Reverend John Russell in the early 19th century from the English White terrier, they have similar origins to the modern Fox terrier. The Jack Russell is a high energy breed which relies on a high level of exercise and stimulation, and does not have a great deal of serious health complaints. It has gone through several changes over the centuries, with changes in use and the formation of different conformation show standards by different kennel clubs. Recognition for the breed by kennel clubs has been opposed by the breed's parent societies – something which resulted in the creation and recognition of the Parson Russell terrier. Jack Russells have appeared multiple times in film, television and print with several historical dogs of note. {| class="toc" id="toc"

Contents
[hide]*1 History
 * 1.1 The sporting parson
 * 1.2 After John Russell
 * 1.3 Post World War II
 * 2 Description
 * 2.1 Differences with related breeds
 * 3 Temperament
 * 4 Health
 * 4.1 Eye disorders
 * 4.2 Musculoskeletal conditions
 * 5 Well-known Jack Russell terriers
 * 5.1 On screen and in literature
 * 6 See also
 * 6.1 Clubs and associations
 * 7 Footnotes
 * 8 References
 * 9 External links
 * }

[edit] The sporting parson
A drawing of Trump, the dog purchased by Reverend John Russell.The small white-fox working terriers we know today were first bred by the Reverend John Russell, a parson and hunting enthusiast born in 1795,[1] and they can trace their origin to the now extinct English White terrier.[2] Difficulty in differentiating the dog from the creature it was pursuing brought about the need for a mostly white dog,[3] and so in 1819 during his last year of university at Exeter College, Oxford,[4] he purchased a small white and tan terrier female named Trump from a milkman in the nearby small hamlet of Elsfield.[5] Trump epitomized his ideal Fox terrier,[6] which, at the time, was a term used for any terrier which was used to bolt foxes out of their burrows.[2] Her colouring was described as "...white, with just a patch of dark tan over each eye and ear; whilst a similar dot, not larger than a penny piece, marks the root of the tail."[7] Reverend Davies, a friend of Russell's, wrote "Trump was such an animal as Russell had only seen in his dreams".[4] She was the basis for a breeding program to develop a terrier with high stamina for the hunt as well as the courage and formation to chase out foxes that had gone to ground.[8] By the 1850s, these dogs were recognised as a distinct breed.[9]

An important attribute in this dog was a tempered aggressiveness that would provide the necessary drive to pursue and bolt the fox without resulting in physical harm to the quarry and effectively ending the chase, which was considered unsporting.[10] Russell was said to have prided himself that his terriers never tasted blood.[9] This line of terriers developed by John Russell was well respected for these qualities and his dogs were often taken on by hunt enthusiasts. It is unlikely, however, that any dogs alive today are descended from Trump, as Russell was forced to sell all his dogs on more than one occasion because of financial difficulty, and had only four aged (and non-breeding) terriers left when he died in 1883.[11]

The Fox terrier and Jack Russell terrier type dogs of today are all descended from dogs of that period, although documented pedigrees earlier than 1862 have not been found. Several records remain of documented breeding by Reverend John Russell between the 1860s and 1880s. The Fox Terrier Club was formed in 1875 with Russell as one of the founder members; its breed standard was aspiration and not a description of how the breed appeared then. By the start of the 20th century the Fox terrier had altered more towards the modern breed, but in some parts of the country the old style of John Russell's terriers remained and it is from those dogs that the modern Jack Russell type descends.[4]

Many breeds can claim heritage to the early Fox terrier of this period, including the Brazilian terrier, Japanese terrier, Miniature Fox terrier, Ratonero Bodeguero Andaluz, Rat terrier and Tenterfield terrier.[12]

[edit] After John Russell
Carlisle Tack, a Fox terrier born in 1884, who was owned by Parson John Russell.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12">[13] Following Russell's death, the only people who made serious efforts to continue those strains were a Mr. East, of Chislehurst and Mr. Archer, of Cornwall. Mr. East at one point had several couples, all of which were descended from one of John Russell's dogs. The type aimed for were not as big as the show Fox terrier, and were usually less than 15 pounds (6.8 kg).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jrgbhist_2-1">[3]

Arthur Blake Heinemann created the first breed standard, and in 1894 he found the Devon and Somerset Badger Club, whose aims were to promote badger digging rather than fox hunting, and the breeding of terriers suitable for this purpose. Terriers were acquired from Nicholas Snow of Oare, and they were likely descended from John Russell's original dogs, as the Parson would have probably hunted at some point with Snow's hunting club and is likely to have provided at least some of their original terriers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-parsonclubhist_3-3">[4] By the turn of the 20th century Parson John Russell's name had become associated with this breed of dog.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-remfox_13-0">[14]

The club would go on to be renamed the Parson Jack Russell Terrier Club.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-parsonclubhist_3-4">[4] Badger digging required a different type of dog to fox hunting, and it is likely that Bull terrier stock was introduced to strengthen the breed, which may have caused the creation of a shorter legged variety of Jack Russell terrier that started to appear around this period. At the same time that a split was appearing between show and working Fox terriers, a further split was occurring between two different types of white terrier, both carrying Jack Russell's name.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jrgbhist_2-2">[3] Heinemann was invited to judge classes for working terriers at Crufts with an aim to bring working terriers back into the show ring and influence those that disregard working qualities in dogs. These classes were continued for several years by various judges, but Charles Cruft dropped the attempt as the classes were never heavily competed. Following Heinemann's death in 1930, the kennel and leadership of the club passed to Annie Harris, but the club itself folded shortly before World War II.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jrgbhist_2-3">[3] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-parsonclubhist_3-5">[4]

[edit] Post World War II
A Jack Russell terrier wearing a dog harness.Following World War II, the requirement for hunting dogs drastically declined, and with it the numbers of Jack Russell terriers. The dogs were increasingly used as family and companion dogs. Further cross breeding occurred, with Welsh corgis, chihuahuas and other smaller breeds of terrier. The offspring of these crosses became known as Puddin' Dogs, Shortie Jacks or Russell Terriers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sarah_14-0">[15]

The Jack Russell Terrier Club of America was formed in 1976 by Mrs. Alicia Crawford, one of the first Jack Russell terrier breeders in the United States. Size ranges for dogs were kept broad, with the ability of working dogs awarded higher than those in conformation shows. An open registry was maintained with restricted line breeding. Registration for the club is made at adulthood for Jack Russells rather than at birth, to ensure the breed's qualities remain given the open registry.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bu58_15-0">[16] A working Jack Russell terrier exits a den pipe.Several breed clubs appeared in the United Kingdom during the 70s to promote the breed, including the Jack Russell Club of Great Britain (JRTCGB) and the South East Jack Russell Terrier Club (SEJRTC). The JRTCGB promoted the range of sizes that remain in its standards today, whereas the SEJRTC set a minimum height for dogs at 13 inches (33 cm). While the JRTCGB sought to ensure that the breed's working ability remained through non-recognition with breed registries, the SEJRTC activity sought recognition with the UK Kennel Club.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-co9_16-0">[17] In 1983 the Parson Jack Russell Club of Great Britain (PJRTCGB) was resurrected to seek Kennel Club recognition for the breed. Although the application was initially rejected, a new standard was created for the PJRTCGB based on the standard of the SEJRTC, and under that standard the breed was recognised by the Kennel Club in 1990 as the Parson Jack Russell terrier.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-co10_17-0">[18] Jack was dropped from the official name in 1999, and the recognised name of the breed became the Parson Russell terrier.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18">[19]

In the late 1990s, the American Kennel Club explored the possibility of recognising the Jack Russell terrier.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bu60_19-0">[20] This move was opposed by the Jack Russell terrier Club of America as they did not want the breed to lose its essential working characteristics.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bu59_20-0">[21] The Jack Russell Terrier Breeders Association was formed, and petitioned the AKC with the breed's admission granted in 2001. Under the AKC recognised standard, the size of the breed was narrowed from the previous club's standard and the name of the AKC recognised Jack Russell terrier was changed to Parson Russell terrier,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bu61_21-0">[22] with the Jack Russell Terrier Breeders Association renamed to the Parson Russell Terrier Association of America.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bu60_19-1">[20]

The Australian National Kennel Council (ANKC) and the New Zealand Kennel Club (NZCK) are the some of national kennel associations which registers both the Jack Russell terrier and the Parson Russell terrier,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22">[23] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23">[24] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24">[25] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25">[26] however the size requirements for the Jack Russell terrier under both those standards would classify a dog as a Russell terrier in the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26">[27] In 2009, there were 1073 Jack Russells registered with the ANKC, compared to 126 for the Parson Russell terrier.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-austop_27-0">[28] Other modern breeds are often mistaken for modern Jack Russell terriers, including their cousin the Parson Russell terrier,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28">[29] the Tenterfield terrier,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29">[30] and the Rat Terrier.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30">[31] Several other modern breeds exist that descended from the early Fox Terrier breed, including the Brazilian Terrier, Japanese Terrier, Miniature Fox Terrier, Ratonero Bodeguero Andaluz, Rat Terrier and Tenterfield Terrier.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31">[32]

[edit] Description
Jack Russell terriers come in a variety of coat types, and with a range of markings.Due to their working nature, Jack Russell terriers remain much as they were some 200 years ago.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-co11_32-0">[33] They are sturdy, tough, and tenacious, measuring between 10–15 inches (25–38 cm) at the withers,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BreedStandard_33-0">[34] and weigh 14–18 pounds (6.4–8.2 kg).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sarah_14-1">[15] The body length must be in proportion to the height, and the dog should present a compact, balanced image. Predominantly white in coloration (more than 51%) with black and/or tan markings,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BreedStandard_33-1">[34] they exhibit either a smooth, rough or a combination of both which is known as a broken coat. A broken-coated dog may have longer hair on the tail or face than that which is seen on a smooth-coated dog.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34">[35] The skin can sometimes show a pattern of small black or brown spots, referred to as "ticking", that do not carry through to the outer coat.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sarah_14-2">[15] All coat types should be dense double coats that are neither silky (in the case of smooth coats) nor woolly (in the case of rough coats).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sarah_14-3">[15]

The head should be of moderate width at the ears, narrowing to the eyes, and slightly flat between the ears. There should be a defined but not overpronounced stop at the end of the muzzle where it meets the head, and a black nose. The jaw should be powerful and well boned with a scissor bite and straight teeth. The eyes are almond shaped and dark colored, and should be full of life and intelligence. Small V-shaped ears of moderate thickness are carried forward on the head.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sarah_14-4">[15] When the dog is alert, the tip of the V should not extend past the outer corner of the eyes. The tail is set high and in the past was docked to approximately five inches in order to provide a sufficient hand-hold for gripping the terrier.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sarah_14-5">[15]

The Jack Russell should always appear balanced and alert.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BreedStandard_33-2">[34] As it is primarily a working terrier, its most important physical characteristic is its chest size, which must not be so large that it prevents the dog from entering and working in burrows.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sarah_14-6">[15] The red fox is the traditional quarry of the Jack Russell terrier, so the working Jack Russell must be small enough to pursue it. Red foxes vary in size, but across the world they average from 13–17 pounds (5.9–7.7 kg) in weight and have an average chest size of 12–14 inches (30–36 cm) at the widest part.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Working_Dog_35-0">[36]

[edit] Differences with related breeds
The Parson Russell terrier (pictured) shares a common ancestry with the Jack Russell Terrier.The Jack Russell Terrier and Parson Russell terrier breeds are similar as they share a common origin, but with several marked differences—the most notable being the range of acceptable heights.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ricesmall_36-0">[37] Other differences in the Parson can include a longer head and larger chest as well as overall a larger body size.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ra9_37-0">[38] The height of a Parson Russell at the withers according to the breed standard is 12–14 inches (30–36 cm) which places it within the range of the Jack Russell Terrier Club of America's standard size for a Jack Russell of 10–15 inches (25–38 cm). However the Parson Russell is a conformation show standard whereas the Jack Russell standard is a more general working standard.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-breedcompare_38-0">[39]

The Russell terrier, which is also sometimes called the English Jack Russell terrier or the Short Jack Russell terrier is a generally smaller related breed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39">[40] Both the breed standards of the American Russell Terrier Club and the English Jack Russell Terrier Club Alliance states that at the withers it should be an ideal height of 8–12 inches (20–30 cm).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40">[41] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41">[42] Although sometimes called the English or Irish Jack Russell terrier,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ra65_42-0">[43] this is not the recognised height of Jack Russells in the United Kingdom. According to the Jack Russell Club of Great Britain's breed standard, it is the same size as the standard for Jack Russells in the USA, 10–15 inches (25–38 cm).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43">[44] Compared to the Parson, the Russell terrier should always be longer than tall at the withers, whereas the Parson's points should be of equal distance.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44">[45] The Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard for the Jack Russell terrier has this smaller size listed as a requirement.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45">[46] Terrierman Eddie Chapman, who has hunted in Devon for more than 30 years, the same area that John Russell himself hunted, notes that, "I can state categorically that if given the choice, ninety-nine percent of hunt terrier men would buy an under 12" worker, if it was available, over a 14" one."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-chapman_46-0">[47]

[edit] Temperament
A Jack Russell terrier is a dog with a high level of energy.Jack Russells are first and foremost a working terrier.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Working_Terrier_47-0">[48] Originally bred to bolt fox from their dens during hunts, they are used on numerous ground-dwelling quarry such as groundhog, badger, and red and grey fox.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-thinking_48-0">[49] The working JRT is required to locate quarry in the earth, and then either bolt it or hold it in place until they are dug to.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ra80_49-0">[50] To accomplish this, the dog must bark and work the quarry continuously. Because the preservation of this working ability is of highest importance to most registered JRTCA/JRTCGB breeders, Jack Russells tend to be extremely intelligent, athletic, fearless, and vocal dogs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-northamerican_7-1">[8] It is not uncommon for these dogs to become moody or destructive if not properly stimulated and exercised, as they have a tendency to bore easily and will often create their own fun when left alone to entertain themselves.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ra73_50-0">[51]

Their high energy and drive make these dogs ideally suited to a number of different dog sports such as flyball or agility.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-51">[52] Obedience classes are also recommended to potential owners,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-thinking_48-1">[49] as Jack Russells can be stubborn at times and aggressive towards other animals and humans if not properly socialized.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-northamerican_7-2">[8] Despite their small size, these dogs are not recommended for the condominium or apartment dweller unless the owner is ready to take on the daunting task of providing the dog with the necessary amount of exercise and stimulation. They have a tremendous amount of energy for their size,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ra73_50-1">[51] a fact which can sometimes lead to trouble involving larger animals.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JRT_Temperament_52-0">[53] They may seem to never tire and will still be energetic after their owner has called it a day. While socialized members of the breed are friendly towards children, they will not tolerate abuse even if it is unintentional.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sarah_14-7">[15]

[edit] Health
Trump, 2002 USDAA National/World Agility Champion – 12" division.The breed has a reputation for being healthy with a long lifespan. Breeders have protected the gene pool, and direct in-line breeding has been prevented. Jack Russells can live anywhere from between 14 to 21 years on average given proper care.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ra65_42-1">[43] However certain lines have been noted for having specific health concerns, and therefore could occur in any line or generation because of recessive genes. These issues can include hereditary cataracts, ectopia lentis, congenital deafness, patellar luxation, ataxia, myasthenia gravis, Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome and von Willebrand disease.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ra65_42-2">[43]

Being a hunt-driven dog, the Jack Russell will usually pursue most creatures that it encounters. This includes the skunk, and the breed is prone to skunk toxic shock syndrome.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-53">[54] The chemical in the skunk spray is absorbed by the dog and causes the red blood cells to explode, which can occasionally lead to fatal anemia and kidney failure. If sprayed underground, it can also cause chemical burning of the cornea. Treatments are available to flush the toxin out of the dog's system.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bu227_54-0">[55]

[edit] Eye disorders
Lens luxation, also known as ectopia lentis is the most common hereditary disorder in Jack Russell terriers. Even so, this condition is not a common occurrence in the breed. Most frequently appearing in dogs between the ages of 3 and 8 years old, it is where the lens in one or both eyes becomes displaced. There are two types, posterior luxation (where the lens slips to the back of the eye) and anterior luxation (where the lens slips forward). Posterior luxation is the less severe of the two types, as the eye can appear normal although the dog's eyesight will be affected. In anterior luxation, the lens can slip forward and rub against the cornea, damaging it. Anterior luxation also has a high probability of causing glaucoma which can lead to partial or complete blindness. Treatment is available and may include both medical and surgical options. Secondary lens luxation is caused by trauma to the eye, and is not hereditary.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-myjacklens_55-0">[56] The condition appears in a number of terrier breeds as well as the Border collie, Brittany and Cardigan Welsh corgi.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-myjackcommon_56-0">[57]

Cataracts can affect any breed of dog, and is the same condition as seen in humans. Here the lens of the eye hardens and is characterized by cloudiness in the eye.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-myjackcommon_56-1">[57] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dogjreye_57-0">[58] Cataracts will blur the dog's vision and can lead to permanent blindness if left untreated. While considered mainly a hereditary disease, it can also be caused by diabetes, old age, radiation, eye injury or exposure to high temperatures.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dogjreye_57-1">[58]

[edit] Musculoskeletal conditions
Patellar luxation, also known as luxating patella, is a hereditary disorder affecting the knees. It is where the kneecap slips off the groove on which it normally sits. The effects can be temporary with the dog running while holding its hind leg in the air before running on it again once the kneecap slipped back into place as if nothing has happened. Dogs can have a problem with both rear knees, and complications can include arthritis or torn knee ligaments. Severe cases can require surgery.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58">[59]

Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome, also called Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head, is where the ball section of the femur in the hip joint deteriorates following interruption of the blood flow and is the same condition as in humans.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-leggliver_59-0">[60] In dogs, this causes lameness of the hind-legs, the thigh muscles to atrophy and pain in the joint.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60">[61] It usually occurs between 6–12 months of age and has been documented in a variety of other terrier breeds including the Border terrier, Lakeland terrier and Wheaten terrier.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-leggliver_59-1">[60]

[edit] Well-known Jack Russell terriers
His Master's Voice (1898) by Francis Barraud.Nipper was a dog born in 1884 who was thought to be a dog of the Jack Russell terrier type.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-61">[62] He was the inspiration for the painting Dog looking at and listening to a Phonograph, later renamed to His Master's Voice. The painting was used by a variety of music related companies including The Gramophone Company and EMI. Today it remains in use incorporated into the logo for HMV in UK and Europe.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-62">[63]

A Jack Russell named Bothy made history in 1982 as part of the Transglobe Expedition. Owned by explorers Ranulph and Ginny Fiennes, he became the first dog to travel to both the north and south poles.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-63">[64] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-64">[65] This feat is unlikely to be repeated, as all dogs have been banned from Antarctica by the Antarctic Treaty nations since 1994, due to fears that they could transmit diseases to the native seal population.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-65">[66] Ranulph Fiennes and Charles Burton actually made the trip to the north pole by powered sledges before signalling to the base camp that they had arrived. To celebrate their achievement, a plane was sent out to take the two men champagne, along with Bothy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-66">[67]

On April 29, 2007, a Jack Russell named George saved five children at a carnival in New Zealand from an attack by two pit bulls. He was reported to have charged at them and held them at bay long enough for the children to get away. Killed by the pit bulls, he was posthumously awarded the PDSA Gold Medal in 2009, the animal equivalent of the George Cross. A statue has been erected in Manaia, New Zealand in his memory.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-67">[68] A former US Marine also donated to George's owner a Purple Heart award he had received for service in Vietnam.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-68">[69]

[edit] On screen and in literature
A rough-coated Jack Russell terrier puppyIn the UK, one of the more recognisable canine stars was restaurateur and chef Rick Stein's irrepressible terrier Chalky,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ra76_69-0">[70] who frequently upstaged his owner on his various cookery series.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-70">[71] He was unique in having his own line of merchandise, including plushes, tea towels, art prints, art paw prints and two real ales - Chalky's Bite and Chalky's Bark,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-71">[72] which won gold in the Quality Drink Awards 2009.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-72">[73] Chalky was given a BBC obituary when he died in 2007.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-73">[74]

Father Moose and son Enzo played the role of Eddie on the long-running TV sitcom Frasier.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ra76_69-1">[70] Eddie belonged to lead character Frasier's father Martin, and constantly "stole the show" with his deadpan antics, receiving more fan mail than any other Frasier character.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-74">[75] Moose and Enzo also starred as Skip in the 2000 film My Dog Skip. Wishbone, from the television show of the same name which aired from 1995 to 2001 in the United States, was a Jack Russell terrier.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-75">[76] Wishbone's real name was Willowall Soccer, and was chosen from over a hundred other dogs vying for the part.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-co9_16-1">[17]

Actor Gene Hackman's pet in the 1995 movie Crimson Tide was a smooth-coated Jack Russell terrier named "Bear".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-76">[77] Max, a Jack Russell terrier, played the role of Milo who is one of Stanley Ipkiss's only friends in the 1994 U.S film The Mask starring Jim Carrey.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-77">[78] Max also played the female dog Audrey in the 2000 film Mr. Accident.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ra76_69-2">[70]

Jack Russell: Dog Detective is a series of children's books by authors Darrell and Sally Odgers, and published by Scholastic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-78">[79] It is about the adventures of a Jack Russell terrier named Jack Russell and his gang of friends including Jill Russell, Lord "Red" Setter and Foxie Terrier.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-79">[80]

From 1979, the TV series Worzel Gummidge featured a Jack Russell as The Crowman's dog, Ratter. He travelled in The Crowman's bicycle shopping-basket!

In the 1989 Carlton TV production of The Woman in Black, the dog, Spider, is played by a Jack Russell. His part in the story is great, as he senses the presence of the ghosts before the human players in the drama.